tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6086600131162087062024-03-12T16:19:19.893-07:00All About English LanguageAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-29384618381615267432015-02-18T06:50:00.000-08:002015-02-18T06:54:06.932-08:00Top reasons why people fail the IELTS exam<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Last year, two million people took the IELTS exam with the
hope of achieving the score they needed to work in an English speaking country
or study at university. Nowadays, many universities in non-English-speaking
countries also require students to take the academic IELTS exam. While the
title of this blog is slightly misleading in that there is technically no pass
or fail score for the IELTS exam, it does not detract from the fact that
individual institutions set their own requirements according to the specific
language needs of the course or profession. </span></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The IELTS exam is an evaluation, so whatever score a person
achieves is supposed to be a reflection of their ability. Not achieving the
score you need is not technically a fail, but an indication that perhaps you
are not ready for the exam or that you need to develop your language skills
further.</span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This article outlines some of the main reasons why people do
not achieve the score they want. </span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>1.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Trying to prepare for the exam without
improving their English</b></span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Perhaps the most common mistake that I have come across is
from students who want to fast track the learning process and just ‘prep’ for
the exam. Exam prep is a necessary thing, but it is not the only thing. This
practice is comparable to trying to bake a cake by mixing all the ingredients
into a bowl at the same time, turning the temperature of the oven higher to
speed up the preparation time, and then adding plenty of chocolate to the
finished product.</span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prepping techniques are most effective when you already have
a good command of the language and you want to add some advanced vocabulary or
make sure you can write an essay with the time limit. However, the fancy use of
conjunctive adverbs and paraphrasing questions will not enhance your score if
the essay is riddled with basic mistakes.</span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Those students who don’t see the need for practicing and
improving their English language is a skills generally don’t improve their
English. Take the time to improve your sentence structure and use of tenses.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>2.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Not learning from their errors</b></span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Everybody makes errors when they are learning a new
language. The key is to acknowledge this and expect to make errors. This
requires a mindset of humility and honesty. You cannot be sensitive to
constructive criticism if you want to get the best out of your teacher. You
must be aware of the errors you make and constructively analyze your mistakes
and review them.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It’s okay to make mistakes as long as you learn from them. This
is also a continual process, which is why it has to be a mindset rather than a ‘temporary
fix’. Before long you will have made significant progress and will be drawing
compliments from your teacher.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3zI_f1hRxgCEGIRGYP9kXebXrArCRpp0pNk3ppE9rLqBGxBDd2ztYQpVNu_ZB7z2py-FaW_onkrvGf_bKL3ONjRnvHiry327svOLoOrJL4KumXHCTjF_-uYd44Y0jclROiFoYbTISL2o/s1600/5+reasons+why+people+fail+the+IELTS+exam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3zI_f1hRxgCEGIRGYP9kXebXrArCRpp0pNk3ppE9rLqBGxBDd2ztYQpVNu_ZB7z2py-FaW_onkrvGf_bKL3ONjRnvHiry327svOLoOrJL4KumXHCTjF_-uYd44Y0jclROiFoYbTISL2o/s1600/5+reasons+why+people+fail+the+IELTS+exam.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>3.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Not studying outside the classroom</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is particularly important if do not live in an
English-speaking countries. It is crucial to expose yourself to practical,
real-world situations. Read current affairs journals such as Time and Newsweek.
Choose a few blogs based on your interests and read them regularly and
consistently. Listen to native speakers on TV, the radio, YouTube or in person
if you can. Somehow, you must make sure that the rules and principles that you
learn in the classroom are being embedded in the subconscious part of your
brain so that you can apply them effortlessly. This can only come through
practice, and the more realistic the practice the better.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Remember that the IELTS exam is an evaluation that is trying
to simulate your ability to perform in real-world situations, so practice your English
in real-world situations.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>4.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>Not addressing the question</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Making sure that you fully understand the questions being
asked of you is key. A slight misunderstanding can lead to you giving a
completely irrelevant answer. A good way to practice this is by taking a list
of questions, have your teacher read them to you one by one, and then ask the
same question back to your teacher using different words. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In the reading section, be careful not to confuse the instructions.
A common area is regarding the ‘not given’ option, which can easily be mistaken
for a ‘no’ answer in some questions. This is an example of a situation in which
exam prepping can be useful, but not as a replacement for improving your basic
skills.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>5.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><b>A lack of confidence</b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This is perhaps where exam prep is at its most effective. Once
you are confident that you language skills are up to par, the next step is to
make sure that you can perform at you best during the exam. That same confidence
must accompany you to the exam if you are going to perform at your best. Going over
as many sample exam questions as possible with your teacher is a huge
confidence booster. You will probably find that questions sound very familiar
to you once you. </span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Another tool that is only effective after sharpening your
language skills is visualizing success. Visualize yourself thinking clearly, answering
the questions confidently, planning your essays and finishing within the time limit
and, most importantly, maintaining your composure. </span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, your native-speaking teacher will tailor your
classes to help you achieve your goals and stay motivated. Learn from the
comfort of your own home, take lessons during your lunch break or even while
travelling abroad. As long as you have a Skype account and internet access, you
can attend classes and study in an environment most convenient for you.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Visit our website for more information on our <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/services.html" target="_blank">one-to-onecourses</a> www.speakeasy121.com. Explore our <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/?couponCode=coupon+35" target="_blank">video tutorial course on Udemy</a> to
learn more about the most commonly used idioms in English-speaking countries,
as well as tips for business English.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-42260579219849890042015-02-04T20:43:00.000-08:002015-02-04T20:43:13.594-08:00All About Collocations<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Collocations
are combinations of two or more words that are used together frequently. For
example, in business you might regularly come across theses combinations of
words:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Make a profit/make a loss</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Close a deal/close a meeting</span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">It’s very
important to develop an understanding of words that regularly occur together
when learning English because there are many irregularities in the language. For
example, you can <b><i>play</i></b> football and chess, but
you can’t <b><i>play</i></b> karate. Also, you can <b><i>make</i></b> your bed, but you can’t <b><i>make</i></b> the cleaning. Concerning articles,
if you play <b><i>the</i></b> guitar, then you play
<b><i>an</i></b> instrument.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Using tools
such as textbooks, blogs and dictionaries can teach us the meaning of the word,
but not how to correctly structure a sentence around it. For this reason, it is
better to learn complete phrases rather than lists of single-word vocabulary.
If you prefer to pick up vocabulary by reading, then make a note of the
complete sentence, not just the vocabulary word, because the context can also
affect the meaning. This allows you to learn the words that are commonly used
with the vocabulary word, thereby increasing your chances of using it correctly
and being well understood.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHqOAKS7rLuEkSTejKxf3XGKPI8_t_0jWBqYKHBISmcCIa8gk4gPUA7WEgj2V52Ec6xmhaDAJoZEUsFwZENaLme2mPnJTnn7qZOLIXpDm-eAbV7j55ozoedHyuu06Ktz9nwbEDjLXuuSM/s1600/English+is+easy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHqOAKS7rLuEkSTejKxf3XGKPI8_t_0jWBqYKHBISmcCIa8gk4gPUA7WEgj2V52Ec6xmhaDAJoZEUsFwZENaLme2mPnJTnn7qZOLIXpDm-eAbV7j55ozoedHyuu06Ktz9nwbEDjLXuuSM/s1600/English+is+easy.jpg" height="225" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A very
effective way to improve the structure of your sentence when speaking and
writing is to study the most frequently used collocations in the English
language. Here are some examples:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Want + to + verb - “Robert<b> <i>wanted to eat</i> </b>something before the
meeting”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Want + a + noun - “Karen<b> <i>wants a car</i> </b>for her birthday”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Need + to + verb - “I <b><i>need to speak</i></b> with Dr Stowe”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Need + a + noun – “I <b><i>need a drink</i></b>”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Need + some + uncountable noun –
“that man <b><i>needs some medicine</i></b>”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">There are
many different structures for collocations in English and the best way to
address the issue is by personalizing your list of relevant phrases based the
things that you like or need to talk about. Here are just a few of the most
common collocation structures to get you started:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">adverb + adjective - “completely
satisfied”, “extremely disappointed”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">adjective + noun - “regular exercise”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">noun + preposition + noun - “a bottle
of water”, "Game of Thrones"</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">noun + verb - (passive voice sentence
always require this structure)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">verb + noun - “pay attention”, “take
the initiative”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">certain verb + gerund - “Elizabeth dislikes travelling<i><b> </b></i>by plane”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At
Speakeasy, you can tailor your classes to specifically target any area you
want, or let your teacher bring your weaknesses to your attention. Your
teacher, a native-speaker, will work with you to achieve your goals and stay
motivated. Learn from the comfort of your own home, take lessons from your
office at lunch time or even while travelling abroad. As long as you have a
Skype account and internet access, you can <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/free-trial.html" target="_blank">attend classes</a> and study in an
environment most convenient for you.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Visit our
website for more information on our one-to-one courses <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/">www.speakeasy121.com</a>. Explore our <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">video tutorial course on Udemy</a> to learn more about the most commonly used idioms in
English-speaking countries, as well as tips for business English.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-62960431574505812352015-01-29T16:31:00.004-08:002015-01-29T23:30:27.803-08:00How to improve your intonation<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Intonation
describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. A falling pitch is
associated with certainty, and a rising pitch with uncertainty. The improper
use of intonation can be very misleading. For this reason, it is perhaps better
to speak in a monotone manner than to use intonation incorrectly. However, it
is preferable to master intonation and use it as a tool to better express
oneself in English.</span></span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Most of the
time, you need to remember to start high and end low for declarative sentences.
The emphasis (or stress) is normally placed on the first syllable of the last
word. </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“John didn’t tell her the <u>pass</u>word”</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The same
word or phrase can take on completely different meanings depending on which
syllable is stressed. Take the phrase “John didn’t tell her the password” could
imply several different things depending on the intonation.</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“<u>John</u> didn’t tell her the
password” - someone else told her the password.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“John didn’t tell <u>her</u> the
password” - John told someone else the password.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“John didn’t tell her the <u>password</u>”
- John told her something else, not the password. </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">Even with just a single-word statement,
different meanings can be implied. If the word 'okay' is said with a rising
pitch, it is likely to be heard as a question or as someone asking for
confirmation. If the same word is said with a falling pitch, it is more likely
to be heard as confirmation or a discourse marker.</span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto;">In interrogative sentences, we generally </span></span>start
low and end high; however, the ‘peak’ of the sentence can also fall on the word
with the most relevance. Take the following sentences.</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“What was the <u>address</u>?”</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“What was the <u>address</u> of that
building?”</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The stress
stays with the word address in the second sentence, even though it is not the
last word because it is more relevant to what the speaker wants to find out.</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Some questions
may give you a choice between two options, in which case the stress is placed
on both options more or less equally, but the first option is said with a
rising intonation and the second is said with a lower intonation. </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“Was it number <i><u>13</u></i> or <u>31</u>?” </span></span></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Although correcting
intonation is relatively straight forward and does not require a long period of
time, it does require concerted focus. Record yourself speaking, listen to it
and make the necessary corrections. This might be tedious, but it is one of the
fastest and most effective ways to correct your intonation. Mirror the pace at
which natives speak as well. This will allow you to be better understood and
should also contribute to mimicking their intonation too. </span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The teachers
<a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a> can cover this topic with you more extensively than the tips in this
article. Our teachers have real world experience of working in the business
world, from the financial sector to NGOs. As long as you have a Skype account
and internet access, you can attend classes and study in an environment most
convenient for you. </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Visit our
<a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/free-trial.html" target="_blank">website</a> for more information on our <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/services.html" target="_blank">one-to-one courses</a>. Visit our successful <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">video tutorial course on Udemy</a> to practice your intonation and listen to native speakers, as well as for advice on speaking business English.</span></span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-45642885193257935792015-01-19T19:27:00.002-08:002015-01-19T19:37:55.639-08:00What’s the best way to start a business email?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A well-written business letter
can potentially make or break a business deal, so you’ll want to create
a good first impression with the salutation
or start of the letter.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">One of the best ways to engage
your reader is by thanking them right from the start. It sets the right tone
and makes the reader feel appreciated, which is particularly vital if you
require future help from them. This is easier and more natural if you
responding to an email. You can thank them simply for being aware of your
product or service, for showing concern about something or constructive criticism;
you can even thank them responding quickly to an earlier email that you had
sent.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> “Thank you for showing an interest in our
service/product.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>“Thank you for your feedback.”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>“Thank you for swift response.”</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">If the email is formal, then <b>‘Dear
+ Mr/Mrs/Dr/etc. + Name’</b> is the safest way to begin. It is very neutral and
will not ruffle any feathers. The worst case scenario is that the reader will
think you are polite and formal. <b>‘Dear
All’</b> or <b>‘Dear colleagues’ </b>are
good ways to start an email addressed to a group of people you work with.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Casual greetings such as <b>‘Hi
+ Name’</b> are more acceptable through email than in era when most business
correspondence was done by letter. They are also a good ice breaker and can set
the mood well for friendly, open and honest interaction. However, some people find
these types of greetings to be a bit <i><span style="font-style: normal;">too</span></i> casual. This is rather risky
if you do not know the recipient and the letter is of a formal nature for
example a job application or cover letter.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>‘Good Morning/Good Afternoon/Good Evening’ </b><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">are common and acceptable ways to begin an email with someone you already
know and have some interaction with. In my personal opinion, they are a bit
bland and there is no guarantee that the person will read your email at the time
of day specified, simply because that is when you wrote it. That said, a bland
or neutral opening will not overshadow the content of the letter, and there is
a good chance that the reader will have some sort of immediate notification through
their smartphone when the email arrives, thus reading it at the time of day it
was sent.</span></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The next important step is to make sure that you clearly state the
purpose of your email in the first paragraph:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>“I
would like to bring your attention to…”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>“I must apologize for…”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">You can also use adverbs or adverb phrases as precursors to set
the tone for the rest of the message:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>“Unfortunately,
we will not be able deliver order on time…”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>“Regarding
the information you requested…”</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">At <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/about-us.html" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, our teachers have real world experience of working
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<![endif]-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-72707549068141468982015-01-17T19:10:00.000-08:002015-01-17T19:10:30.379-08:00The Advantage of English in the Workplace<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Over the last decade, the
importance of a second language in the global employment market has gained
prominence. Many multinational companies have implemented English as their
official language, some even if it is not entirely necessary. Many companies
use English as a determinant of who to promote because the hire up the ladder
you move, the more likely you are to need to communicate in English. The public
awareness of this fact makes acquiring competency in English all the more
necessary as more and more ambitious workers seek a competitive advantage.</span>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Former Microsoft Japan president
Makoto Naruke, claimed that only 10% of the Japanese workers that learn English
actually need to speak it, but 100% of those with ambitions to excel in the
corporate world will need to speak English. It is often given priority over
skills that are more directly related to the profession. The reason for this is
that multinational companies recognise that English is firmly the language of
business and is a powerful tool when trying to compete in the global market; be
it for market share or for the best employees.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The reality today is that it is
impossible to progress through to the management ranks in most large
organisations without a good command of the English language. Furthermore, as
employees develop fluency, they gain more confidence and will feel more secure
about the value they offer in the employment market. They may be able to take
on more tasks and responsibilities for their existing employer, or apply for
posts in other companies offering more competitive salaries for their skills. A
limited skill level in English will in turn limit an employee’s prospects
leaving them stuck in entry-level positions.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A global study by the British
Council found that professionals proficient in English earned 25% more wages
than those who were not. According to the annual JobStreet.com survey, many
graduates lose out on good job opportunities because of their poor language
skills, which can prove to be instrumental in breaking certain professional barriers
such as communication and presentation.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Based on Bloomberg’s ranking
system, Mandarin is the second most useful language for business after English,
with 845 million speakers. However, Mandarin is also one of the hardest
languages in the world to learn and is not the most computer friendly either.
It is also reported that up to 400 million people in China do not speak
Mandarin. Despite being the official language of 20 countries and being spoken
by more than 329 million people worldwide, Spanish is ranked as low as fourth.
French and Arabic follow Mandarin in third and fourth places respectively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Russian, Japanese, German and Korean are also
notably further down the list, despite boasting several market leading firms –
almost all of which have adopted English as their official language.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A desire to improve your English
is a great thing. Develop the essential practical skills that will give you
greater advantage in the workplace. At <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, you receive personalized
classes from native-speaking teachers who work with you to <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/testimonials.html" target="_blank">achieve your goals and stay motivated</a>. You can benefit from teachers with real world experience of
working in the business world, from the financial sector to NGOs. As long as
you have a Skype account and internet access, you can attend classes and study
in an environment most convenient for you.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Visit our website for more
information on our <a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_2054979396" target="_blank"><span id="goog_2054979397"></span></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_2054979401"><span id="goog_2054979402"></span>one-to-one course</a></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/" target="_blank">s<span id="goog_2054979398"></span></a><span id="goog_2054979403"></span>. Visit our <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/?couponCode=coupon35" target="_blank">video tutorial course</a> on Udemy to learn more about the
most commonly used idioms in English-speaking countries, as well as tips for
business English.</span>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-86996598119535546342015-01-09T00:27:00.001-08:002015-01-09T00:32:00.731-08:00Why people fail to learn English<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lack of self-study </span></b></span>
</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Many people
try to learn languages using a similar approach to that of a school student who
only attends classes and doesn’t study outside of the classroom. Although this
can be effective for ‘beating the system’ or ‘beating an exam’, it is not an
effective approach to language learning. A certain level of immersion is
necessary to master a foreign language, this does not have to be in a
native-speaking country …although this is extremely beneficial. It can also be
in the form of reading a book or blog in the target language, watching TV or
YouTube <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/?couponCode=coupon35" target="_blank">videos</a>.</span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Self-study but no conversation</span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Some people
are very comfortable with self-study, perhaps as a result of spending several
years in higher education. However, without sufficient ‘in-field’ practice
(that is to say, conversation with native speakers) they will not be able to
fully apply what they have learned. This often results in a gap between
reading/writing ability and speaking/listening ability. You don’t have to be at
any specific level before you put yourself out there and try to converse. You
just need a willingness to learn. Spend just as much time listening as you do
speaking.</span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Failure to learn from/take correction</span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is so
important to feel free and comfortable when learning a language. A child-like ability
to take correction positively will go a long way. You should expect to get a
lot of things wrong and you should expect to feel uncomfortable with some of
the phonetics, especially if your native tongue is not from Germanic roots.
This is actually a positive sign that you are being challenged with new
information as opposed to trying to make it fit into the phonetics that you are
accustomed to in your native language.</span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lack of Focus/unclear goals. </span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">You may have
a clear goal, but if you lack focus or try to take on too much, you will likely
become overwhelmed or frustrated and fall short of it. Break you larger goal up
into ‘bite-size’ chunks that you can work on daily or even weekly. This way,
you can experience regular and measurable success. Limit yourself to no more
than 2 or 3 smaller goals at any time. A good example would be a set amount of
reading time each day or a certain number of vocabulary words that you practice
using in sentences. Make sure your goals are realistic based on the amount of free
time you have and your ability to absorb new information. Don’t try to learn
fifty new words each day for example if you struggle to remember things.</span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Poor motivation/discipline</span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Often in
life, we have competing issues vying for our focus or unexpected circumstances
beyond our control force us to change our focus. Life happens. There are also
times when we allow ourselves to be distracted by less significant issues.
Regardless of the cause, success in learning a language requires discipline and
dedication, the fuel of which is motivation. If you have strong enough reasons,
you can accomplish anything you desire. Significant success demands passion.
Your desire will sustain you when the challenges and obstacles come your way.</span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Low Energy</span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Most of us
have to work to support ourselves, maybe even to support other family members
too. Our jobs and the mental stress they create can be very taxing on our
energy and leave us feeling drained at the end of the day. Getting quality rest
time and eating healthy foods that support the brain and cell recovery is
vital. Here is an obvious, but somewhat neglected fact; if you don’t take care
of your mind and body, it will not perform to its potential.</span></span></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></span></h4>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Procrastination</span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">We can
sometimes delay our own progress by over-analyzing our situation. We want to
make sure we have thought of everything first. However, no matter how long and
hard you prepare, you will never have all the answers to the questions you ask.
Studies show that the best time to take action on a decision <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/contact-us.html" target="_blank">is when it first occurs to us</a>, and that every moment after that, the will to execute on it
diminishes. If you don’t get started, you’ll never achieve your goal. One of
the most dangerous phrases is “I’ll do it later.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br /></div>
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">What to do </span></b></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">So, here is
an easy-to-follow summary of how to avoid the most common pitfalls…</span></span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Keep your goals simple</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Set realistic, measurable targets</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Be resilient</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Take action!</span></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">At
Speakeasy, you receive personalized classes from native-speaking teachers who work
with you to achieve your goals and stay motivated. Learn from the comfort of
your own home with a native speaking teacher who makes you feel relaxed and
confident. Take lessons from your office at lunch time or even while travelling
abroad. As long as you have a Skype account and internet access, you can attend
classes and study in an environment <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/services.html" target="_blank">most convenient for you</a>. </span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Visit our
website for more information on our one-to-one courses www.speakeasy121.com</span></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">visit our
<a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/?couponCode=coupon35" target="_blank">video tutorial course on Udemy</a> to learn more about the most commonly used
idioms in English-speaking countries, as well as tips for business English.</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-31971779868128779392014-12-26T20:50:00.000-08:002015-01-19T19:42:23.799-08:00Idioms and their origins<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Every language uses sayings for giving advice or
summarizing the principles and values of the associated culture. These sayings
are called ‘idioms’. The English language is filled with idioms. Native English
speakers love to use idioms to express themselves and add emphasis to their
speech. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Idioms can be a single word, a phrase or clause, or even a complete
sentence. The figurative meaning of these expressions is separate from the
literal meaning of the words they consist of. Although the literal meaning of
many idioms may seem far removed from the situations they are used to describe,
their origins are a lot more practical than they may appear.</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Idioms are almost always colloquial or cultural. This article
looks at the origins of some of the most common idioms in the English language
today. As you will see, the origins are sometimes quite literal.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The navy</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The saying <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘show your
true colours’</i> refers to reveal who you really are, your true character. At
one time, naval ships used to be identified solely by the colours on their
flags to show which country or group they belonged to. Pirates would sail under
false flags to trick other ships and then use the element of surprise to attack
them. The saying <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘stick to your guns’ </i>was
a command given to sailors manning the guns on naval boats. It meant to stand
firm and hold to your position, despite what the enemy was doing. They were
expected to stay at their posts even when the boat was being attacked. Now, it
use used to refer to standing up for your rights and beliefs under any
circumstances.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sports</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Sports idioms are perhaps the most popular in society today.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘The ball is in your court’</i> derives
from the game of tennis, meaning ‘it’s your decision or responsibility to do
something now’. The idiom <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘step up to the
plate’</i> has its origins, perhaps quite predictably, in the sport of baseball
and refers to taking responsibility. A politician, for example, that has done
something wrong or is faced with a complicated problem might be expected to
step up to the plate. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘To get a head
start’ </i>means to start before everyone else. This idiom comes from horse
racing.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Farming</b></span> </h4>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Despite the
fact that most people don’t live or work on farms anymore, many idioms have
survived from an age when it accounted for a much larger slice of the economy. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">‘Until
the cows come home</span>’</i> is commonly used refer to doing something for a
very long time. Its advent is said to come from the fact that cows can stay out
grazing for months on end since the fields are covered with grass until the
season starts to change in autumn. This idiom is often (but not exclusively) used
to imply an undesirably long wait, or even a pointlessly one. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘We could talk about this problem <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">until the cows come home’.</span></i> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The expression <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘to make hay while
the sun<b> </b>shines’</i></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> was first
used by </span>mediaeval farmers to <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">refer to
taking the opportunity to do something when the time and conditions are right. It
wasn’t possible to predict the weather for a long period of time, so activities
like cutting, gathering and preparing hay had to be done while the conditions
were suitable. The expression <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">don’t put all your eggs in one basket</span>’</i>
comes from the idea that if all your eggs are in one basket and the basket is
dropped, all the eggs are lost. The expression </span>was extended to life in
general to mean ‘<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">don’t make
everything dependent on one thing’.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hunting</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Although hunting historically played a key role in the
development of civilisation, it is now somewhat frowned upon by civilized
society. However, its transition from necessity to sport to distasteful hasn’t
impaired the widespread use of its idioms.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">If you are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘barking
up the wrong tree’</i>, then you've got the wrong idea about something or you
are blaming the wrong person for something. If something or someone is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘fair game’</i>, then it is acceptable to
target, criticize or attack them. A <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘shot
in the dark’ </i>is a guess at something that leans more towards hopeful than
calculated.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gambling</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">Idioms that derive from gambling arguably warrant their own
extensive blog. They are as popular and pervasive as the activity itself. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘Having the upper hand’</i> comes from card
games and refer to having a more valuable combination of cards than the other
players at the table. It is now more commonly used to mean having a better
chance of winning or succeeding at anything than your opponents. The idiom ‘all
bets are off’ is used to refer to agreements that no longer apply. ‘To win
hands down’ refers to an easy victory. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Post-renaissance</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">‘To get the sack’ means to be <span class="st">dismissed from
your job</span>. It comes from a time when tradesmen carried their tools around
in a sack. If their employer was not happy with their productivity at the end
of the day, he would literally ‘give them their sack’.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">
</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘upper crust’</i>
refers to the social or financial elite within society. At that time, bread was
baked in stone ovens. The lower crust was inedible because it had been in
contact with the oven floor and was too hard and dirty to eat. It was given to
the servants to eat, while the upper crust was given to the lord of the manor and
his family to eat, so they became known as the upper crusts.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘Red tape’</i> refers
to any trivial and needless delay caused by unnecessarily complex and time
consuming activities. Red ribbon was once used by the civil service and legal
profession to tie up bundles of legal documents. Before any official business
could be done, the red tape had to be cut.</span></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At <a href="http://speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, we use native-speaking teachers who have a very natural familiarity with the everyday expressions in the English language</span></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">. Learn from
the comfort of your own home with a native speaking teacher who makes you feel
relaxed and confident. <span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Take
lessons from your office at lunch time or even while travelling
abroad. As long as you have a Skype account and internet access, you can attend
classes and study in an environment most convenient for you.</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Visit our website for more information on our one-to-one courses <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/">www.speakeasy121.com</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #444444;">visit our video tutorial course on <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">Udemy</a> to learn more about the most commonly used idioms in English-speaking countries, as well as tips for business English. </span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-55514470677356901012014-12-23T02:54:00.000-08:002014-12-23T08:26:39.794-08:00All About IELTS<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How
IELTS works</b></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The IELTS exam is the world’s leading English test for
higher education and migration. 'IELTS' stands for 'International English
Language Testing System' and is recognised by more than 9,000 universities,
government bodies and professional organisations around the world. There are
two versions - Academic and General Training. The Academic IELTS exam acts as
an entrance test for non-native English speakers wishing to attend university
in predominantly English-speaking countries. The General Training exam is for
professionals seeking to work in English-speaking countries or for visa
requirements.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;">There are four separate tests in the IELTS exam - reading,
writing, listening and speaking.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #444444;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #444444;"> </span> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Reading</b>:<span style="color: #444444;"> The
Academic exam includes three long texts; ranging from the descriptive, factual
texts to more analytical ones. The General Training version requires test
takers to read extracts from newspapers, advertisements, instruction manuals
and books.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Writing</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: #444444;">Both versions includes two tasks. For task 1
of the Academic exam, test takers are presented with a graph, table, chart or
diagram and are asked to describe, summarise or explain the information in
their own words. For task 1 of the General Training exam, test takers are
presented with a situation and are asked to write a letter that may be
personal, semi-formal or formal in style. Task 2 is similar for both versions.
Test takers are asked to write an essay in response to a point of view, argument
or problem. Put a few minutes aside to plan the structure of your answer before
you begin writing. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The listening and speaking sections are the same for both
exams.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Listening</b>: <span style="color: #444444;">This
is a 30 minute test consisting of four recordings. You will be required to
answer questions based on what you have heard. Since you only get one chance to
hear each recording, it is crucial to stay focused. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Speaking</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: #444444;">The speaking test takes a little under 15
minutes to complete. The first part involves answering general questions about
yourself. You are asked to speak at length about a specific topic in the second
part, which is then followed by more questions on the same topic in the third
part.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #444444;"> </span></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The
IELTS 9-band scale</b></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">IELTS scores have a recommended validity period of two
years. There is no pass or fail in IELTS. Candidates are graded on their
performance, using scores from 1 to 9 for each part of the test, which then
produce an Overall Band Score. Here is a breakdown of the main bands as stated on the official IELTS website.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">Band 9:</span></b> Expert user: has fully operational command of the
language: appropriate, accurate and fluent with complete understanding.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">Band 8:</span> </b>Very good user: has fully operational command of
the language with only occasional unsystematic inaccuracies and
inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles
complex detailed argumentation well.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Band 7:</b></span> Good user: has operational command of the language,
though with occasional inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings in
some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands
detailed reasoning.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><b>Band 6:</b></span> Competent user: has generally effective command of
the language despite some inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings.
Can use and understand fairly complex language, particularly in familiar
situations.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">Band 5:</span></b> Modest user: has partial command of the language,
coping with overall meaning in most situations, though is likely to make many
mistakes. Should be able to handle basic communication in own field.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: black;">Band 4:</span></b> Limited user: basic competence is limited to
familiar situations. Has frequent problems in understanding and expression. Is
not able to use complex language.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The General Medical Council in the UK announced in June
2014, that the minimum IELTS scores they accept when registering doctors to
work in the UK will be at least 7.0 in each of the four areas tested, and an
overall score of at least 7.5.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
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UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At <a href="http://speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, our teachers have </span></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a thorough understanding of the IELTS exam and experience preparing students from all corners of the globe. We </span></span><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span>use practical strategies and activities to help our students approach the test tasks with confidence. Learn from
the comfort of your own home with a native speaking teacher who makes you feel
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<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Visit our website for more information on our one-to-one courses <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/">www.speakeasy121.com</a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #444444;">visit our video tutorial course on <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">Udemy</a> to learn more about the most commonly used idioms in English-speaking countries, as well as tips for business English. </span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-30332604745186680762014-12-20T18:18:00.000-08:002014-12-23T03:02:08.578-08:00Closing business emails<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Recently,
I was asked by one of my students whether it was correct to write ‘Thank you, in
advance, for your consideration’ or ‘Thank you in advance for your
consideration.’ This got me thinking about a separate issue. Did I actually
like the idea of thanking someone in advance for something they hadn’t done, or
even agreed to do? Did I find this expression too smug? Audacious? Arrogant? </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It
led me to do some digging around online and I found that, while it is quite
common in some cultures, the general consensus among professionals in English speaking
countries is that it borders on being rude. Still, everyone is entitled to
their opinion …of which there is an abundance.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Many people expressed a dislike
for the fact that the writer presumes that you will provide what is requested
and so is ‘thanking you in advance.’ </span>Thank you is an expression of
gratitude or acknowledgement of something someone has done. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There is some ambiguity as to whether the reader
will be thanked after fulfilling the request. Will his or her compliance then be
unceremoniously ignored? </span>The mere uncertainty risks alienating the
reader. By saying thanks in advance you risk ‘short-changing’ the complete interaction
process by presuming this person will do something even before they have
agreed.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It goes
without saying that people who write ‘thank you in advance’ do not intend
to be pushy or cocky; conversely, their intention is to be polite. Nevertheless,
to quote Albert Camus “…good intentions may do as much harm as malevolence if
they lack understanding.”</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Since
this is a formal expression used in letters and emails, I have decided to focus
this article on alternative expressions for closing business emails. For those
of you who are not so accustomed to using business English, you can learn more
by reviewing the Business English section of my course on <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">Udemy</a>.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Try
closing out your email with one of these statements:</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Thank you for any help you
can provide.</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the meantime, thank you
so much for your attention </span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Thank you for considering my
request.</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I really appreciate any help
you can provide.</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I will appreciate your
help with this situation.</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I will be grateful if you
can send me this information.</span></span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I hope what I have requested
is possible. </span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Whichever
expression you decide to use to close your email, you will need to follow it with a closing phrase. 'Kind
regards,' '(Yours) sincerely,' are both acceptable. You will also need to include,
your full name and job title, your company name and a contact phone number
(your email account should give you the option to store this information automatically as a personal signature).</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At <a href="http://speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, you can benefit from teachers with real world experience
of working in the business world, from the financial sector to NGOs. Learn from
the comfort of your own home with a native speaking teacher who makes you feel
relaxed and confident. <span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Take
lessons from home, from your office at lunch time or even while travelling
abroad. As long as you have a Skype account and internet access, you can attend
classes and study in an environment most convenient for you.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Visit our website for more information on our one-to-one courses <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/">www.speakeasy121.com</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #444444;">visit our video tutorial course on <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">Udemy</a> to learn more about the most commonly used idioms in English-speaking countries, as well as tips for business English. </span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-608660013116208706.post-4060586909299555532014-12-20T05:05:00.000-08:002014-12-23T03:03:25.303-08:00The keys to effectively learning English (…or any language!)<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. Feel free to make
mistakes</b></span></h4>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">English is a complex language with many complex rules. Its
origins are found in a broad range of other European cultures, as well as many
modern influences. The more technical approaches that can be extremely
effective for learning a language like Spanish will not prove as effective for
English. ‘Trial and error’ is an essential part of language learning. The words
‘laughter’ and ‘daughter’ may look similar, but their meanings and
pronunciations are far removed.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2. Use phonetic
spelling to improve your pronunciation</b></span></h4>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">English is not a phonetic language. This means, as in the
example above, spelling can be very misleading when trying to learn new
vocabulary. Using the phonetic spelling of a word (alongside the correct
spelling) creates a solid relationship between the sound of the word and how to
write it. It will also help to improve your accent.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">3. Establish a good
rapport with your teacher</b></span></h4>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If you are largely self-taught, first of all,
congratulations. However, you are likely to struggle with the common mistake of
taking too academic an approach to learning English. You will likely have a
solid understanding of the grammatical rules, but struggle with conversation, expressing
your thoughts clearly, <span class="st">colloquialisms and </span>pronunciation.
Words like ‘cache’ or ‘chaos’ might prove to be stumbling blocks.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Having a good, open and slightly informal relationship with
your teacher will allow you to speak freely and comfortably and you are more
likely to engage in longer conversation about the topics that interest you
both. You will feel comfortable enough to experiment and take risks, and your
teacher will feel comfortable enough to correct you without hurting your
feelings.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">4. Practice,
practice, practice!</b></span></h4>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The importance of learning grammar should not be downplayed;
however, conversation is the main reason for studying a language. There is no
need to wait until you reach a certain level to start to practice speaking,
start now! A good teacher should encourage you to speak as much as possible.
Make mistakes, learn from the corrections and talk about the things that interest
you. </span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">You can develop your conversation skills even if you have no
one to talk to. Create scenarios in your head such as shopping in a market or
talking to your boss at work and imagine what the other person would say. When
you don’t know how to express something, then make a note of it and ask your
teacher later. For this to be most effective, you must speak out loud! If you
are shy, then do it when you are alone. This is an effective way to build
essential vocabulary, words that you will remember because you are likely to
use them often.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<h4 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">5. Use a native
speaking teacher</b></span></h4>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">English is the most widely spoken language in the world and
many people who have learned English can speak it proficiently, perhaps well
enough to teach it. However, this does not account for the more subtle nuances
that a native speaking teacher will expose you to effortlessly. In England, people often <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">use idioms</a> when speaking casually and formally that a non-native speaker may not have been exposed to. Native teachers also have model accents.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>, you can benefit from all of these points
without having to travel abroad or even to a local language school. Learn from
the comfort of your own home with a native speaking teacher who makes you feel
relaxed and confident. <span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Take
lessons from home, from your office at lunch time or even while travelling
abroad. As long as you have a Skype account and internet access, you can attend
classes and study in an environment most convenient for you.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Visit our website for more information on our one-to-one courses <a href="http://www.speakeasy121.com/">www.speakeasy121.com</a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #444444;">visit our video tutorial course on <a href="https://www.udemy.com/learn-online-with-a-native-teacher-httpspeakeasy121com/" target="_blank">Udemy</a> to learn more about the most commonly used idioms in English-speaking countries, as well as tips for business English. </span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01927701202053945450noreply@blogger.com0